joining us to discuss is john logan, professor at san francisco state university. >> good morning. >> the government says 8.3 million workers in the u.s. are underemployed, not getting enough hours, even though they want them, really, but those are the kinds of jobs that companies are offering. are we seeing this? is this the new normal now? >> right. well, this is certainly one of the main demands of the protesting walmart workers. in addition to an increase in pay, many of them make an average of below $9 an hour, and they are asking for a minimum of $13 an hour. they also want more full-time jobs because at the moment there's a huge number of workers working at walmart, but especially at walmart works want to work full time but the scheduling at walmart provides them only with part-time work which as you say often doesn't provide adequate access to benefits. >> john, if the unions get the part-time positions to become full-time positions, that means it will cost the companies more and maybe increase costs to the consumer. really, how will the companies handle these increased expens